Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n![\"M\u00e1](\"https:\/\/topbrakeparts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/What-Are-Brake-Pads-1024x768.webp\" "\\"M\u00e1")
Phanh \u0111\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nM\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ma s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh \u0111\u0129a, ch\u00fang k\u1eb9p v\u00e0o r\u00f4to \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 d\u1eebng xe. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n b\u00e1n, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t hay mua ch\u00fang theo th\u00f9ng, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm "m\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec" ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed "m\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec" v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao hai m\u00e1 phanh tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1 phanh m\u1edbi tinh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n l\u1ec7ch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd mua h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ghi g\u00ec v\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u00e1 phanh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh b\u00ean trong k\u1eb9p phanh, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u00e1 phanh, khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u0129a phanh, v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra. \u1ede m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng phanh, v\u00e0 khi chia s\u1ebb s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n01<\/span><\/p>\nM\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n![\"M\u00e1](\"https:\/\/topbrakeparts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Brake-pads-1-1024x768.webp\" "\\"M\u00e1")
M\u00e1 phanh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nM\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u00f3 l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t. Hai m\u00e1 phanh n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i k\u1eb9p phanh, m\u1ed7i m\u00e1 phanh n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a phanh. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p phanh, k\u1eb9p phanh s\u1ebd \u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0o \u0111\u0129a phanh \u0111ang quay. Ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a phanh l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm b\u00e1nh xe.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady, m\u00e1 phanh tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Khi m\u1edbi mua v\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1 phanh xe h\u01a1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ph\u1eb3ng, h\u01a1i cong, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 100\u2013160 mm. M\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i m\u00e0u, h\u01a1i nh\u00e1m l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t. M\u1eb7t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u00e8m. B\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t r\u00e3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ngang gi\u1eefa m\u1eb7t ma s\u00e1t, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u (v\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o m\u00f2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
M\u00e1 phanh t\u1ed1t tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Tr\u00ean m\u00e1 phanh m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ma s\u00e1t ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee9t m\u1ebb, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t b\u00e1m ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf \u1edf m\u00e9p, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e3nh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c, t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u1edd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea5u th\u1eb3ng, mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u l\u00f4 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tr\u00ean m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, "t\u1ed1t" c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00f3ng, nhi\u1ec5m d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t do nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
<\/div>\nM\u00e1 phanh n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h3>\n
M\u00e1 phanh tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong k\u1eb9p phanh, k\u1eb9p phanh n\u00e0y k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u0129a phanh \u1edf m\u1ed7i b\u00e1nh xe. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 phanh \u0111\u0129a \u1edf tr\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u xe c\u0169ng c\u00f3 phanh \u0111\u0129a \u1edf tr\u1ee5c sau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xe nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phanh tang tr\u1ed1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda sau. Phanh tang tr\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1 phanh cong thay v\u00ec b\u1ed1 phanh.<\/p>\n![\"V\u1ecb](\"https:\/\/topbrakeparts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Brake-pad-location-1024x768.webp\" "\\"V\u1ecb")
V\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e1 phanh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nM\u1ed7i k\u1eb9p phanh c\u00f3 hai m\u00e1 phanh:<\/p>\n
\n- \u0110\u1ec7m trong (b\u00ean trong):<\/strong> N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m xe, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh piston k\u1eb9p phanh tr\u00ean k\u1eb9p phanh ki\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
- T\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec7m ngo\u00e0i (b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i):<\/strong> N\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00e1nh xe, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u00e2n k\u1eb9p phanh ho\u1eb7c "c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay" c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9p phanh.\u201c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
M\u00e1 phanh trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau. M\u00e1 phanh trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea1ch b\u00e1o m\u00f2n, k\u1eb9p piston (th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf k\u1eb9p phanh sau) ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c. M\u00e1 phanh ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n k\u1eb9p phanh. Khi nh\u1eadn m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0o kho, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 m\u00e1 phanh cho t\u1eebng tr\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00e1 phanh trong\/ngo\u00e0i hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u1edbi hai m\u00e1 phanh trong s\u1ebd l\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
<\/div>\nM\u00e1 phanh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\nM\u00e1 phanh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n
\n\n- T\u1ea1o ma s\u00e1t c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/strong>, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c phanh t\u1ea1i r\u00f4to.<\/li>\n
- Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong>, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb l\u00fac d\u1eebng xe trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n d\u1eebng g\u1ea5p li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1c xu\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
- H\u00e3y m\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/strong> M\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn hao m\u00f2n: ch\u00fang b\u1ecb m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u0129a phanh m\u00f2n ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
M\u1ed9t m\u00e1 phanh t\u1ea1o ma s\u00e1t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng r\u00f4to ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n02<\/span><\/p>\nM\u00e1 phanh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\nT\u1eeb b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p phanh \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1eb9p phanh<\/h3>\n\nD\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh \u0111\u0129a th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n
\n\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p<\/strong>, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1p ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
- B\u1ed9 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c phanh gi\u00fap t\u0103ng th\u00eam l\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn xi lanh ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
- Xi lanh ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cho d\u1ea7u phanh.<\/strong> V\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean \u00e1p su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9p phanh.<\/li>\n
- Piston k\u1eb9p phanh di chuy\u1ec3n<\/strong> h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c m\u00e1 phanh k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t r\u00f4to.<\/strong>\n
\n- Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1eb9p phanh n\u1ed5i (tr\u01b0\u1ee3t)<\/strong>, Piston \u0111\u1ea9y m\u00e1 phanh trong \u00e1p s\u00e1t v\u00e0o r\u00f4to. L\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00e2n k\u1eb9p phanh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o m\u00e1 phanh ngo\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi r\u00f4to.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1eb9p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>, C\u00e1c piston \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c m\u00e1 phanh trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe nh\u1ea3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p.<\/strong> \u00c1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m, gio\u0103ng piston k\u00e9o piston l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, v\u00e0 m\u00e1 phanh gi\u00e3n ra kh\u1ecfi r\u00f4to.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9p phanh l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t, m\u00e1 phanh ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu piston b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1 phanh s\u1ebd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb k\u00e9o l\u00ea.<\/p>\n
<\/div>\nC\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a phanh<\/h3>\n
V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, s\u1ee3i, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Khi m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0o r\u00f4to gang, hai lo\u1ea1i ma s\u00e1t x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/p>\n
\n- Ma s\u00e1t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ee9ng trong m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u00f4to c\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u1ecd x\u00e1t \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n vi.<\/li>\n
- Ma s\u00e1t d\u00ednh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t m\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u00f4to. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1 phanh s\u1ebd c\u1ecd x\u00e1t v\u00e0o l\u1edbp n\u00e0y, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m m\u00f2n \u0111\u0129a phanh nhanh h\u01a1n; c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n
H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t (\u03bc) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1 phanh xe h\u01a1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u03bc kho\u1ea3ng 0,35\u20130,45. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u03bc khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
<\/div>\nN\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n
Phanh kh\u00f4ng "ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y" n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a xe th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 1.500 kg ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 100 km\/h (kho\u1ea3ng 27,8 m\/s) mang theo kho\u1ea3ng \u00bd \u00d7 1.500 \u00d7 27,8\u00b2, hay kho\u1ea3ng 580 kJ, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc. Khi d\u1eebng h\u1eb3n, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf phanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u00f4to th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 100\u2013300 \u00b0C khi l\u00e1i xe b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean 500 \u00b0C khi k\u00e9o r\u01a1 mo\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c d\u00e0i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o r\u00f4to v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0 k\u1eb9p phanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao m\u00e1 phanh qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n, chai c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n03<\/span><\/p>\nC\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh bao g\u1ed3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t, t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1, mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e3nh, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o m\u00f2n. M\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edt.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n\nPh\u1ea7n<\/th>\n Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/th>\n Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t<\/td>\n T\u1ea1o ma s\u00e1t v\u1edbi r\u00f4to; \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c phanh, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/td>\n Lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, m\u00e3 c\u1ea1nh (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nT\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1<\/td>\n Mang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p phanh.<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nShim<\/td>\n Gi\u1ea3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n; c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t.<\/td>\n Lo\u1ea1i mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m (th\u00e9p ph\u1ee7 cao su, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp), \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edt, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nC\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e3nh<\/td>\n Thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng gi\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/td>\n G\u00f3c, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd OE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nCh\u1ec9 b\u00e1o hao m\u00f2n<\/td>\n C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o khi mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m s\u1eafp h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\n Lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (\u00e2m thanh ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed), v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, m\u1eb7t trong\/m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t<\/h3>\n
V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201312 mm tr\u00ean m\u00e1 phanh xe h\u01a1i m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1 phanh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00f3t: m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh, gi\u1ea3m truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1eb9p phanh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/p>\n
\nTr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/p>\n
H\u00e3y n\u00eau r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: g\u1ed1m, kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p), \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ma s\u00e1t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u1edbp l\u00f3t hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ma s\u00e1t d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\nT\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1<\/h3>\n
T\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p d\u1eadp, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 5\u20136 mm tr\u00ean xe kh\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng keo, \u0111\u00fac li\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (m\u00f3c nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1edbi), th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1 phanh ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n
\nKi\u1ec3m tra ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c m\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. T\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd b\u1ecb rung; t\u1ea5m qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t trong gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o l\u00ea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\nShim<\/h3>\n
Mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u00e9p m\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 cao su ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0 k\u1eb9p phanh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 m\u00e1 phanh gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o piston k\u1eb9p phanh.<\/p>\n
\nKi\u1ec3m tra ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/p>\n
H\u00e3y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n (m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c hai m\u1ea3nh, d\u1ea1ng k\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c d\u00e1n) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00f3c n\u00e0o b\u1ecb nh\u00f4 l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp v\u1eeba kh\u00edt nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau r\u00edt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\nC\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e3nh<\/h3>\n
V\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1eaft g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t; khe c\u1eafm<\/strong> C\u00e1c r\u00e3nh n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt, gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n m\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\nKi\u1ec3m tra ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/p>\n
G\u00f3c v\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a r\u00e3nh ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd g\u1ed1c. Ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00e2m h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\nCh\u1ec9 b\u00e1o hao m\u00f2n<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed8T ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o \u00e2m thanh<\/strong> \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea5u th\u00e9p l\u00f2 xo ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o r\u00f4to \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 2-3 mm v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt. c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi r\u00f4to, l\u00e0m b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n; n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c xe ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n\nKi\u1ec3m tra ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/p>\n
Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u00ean trong) v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ed9p hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n04<\/span><\/p>\nM\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\nM\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? Hay nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi, m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o? H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
\n\n- B\u00eca \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1ef1a phenolic. Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh gi\u1eef m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m ra r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
- S\u1ee3i gia c\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u1ee3i th\u00e9p, kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t, aramid, th\u1ee7y tinh ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed1m. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ma s\u00e1t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 alumina ho\u1eb7c zirconium silicat l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u00f4to. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n nh\u01b0 than ch\u00ec v\u00e0 sunfua kim lo\u1ea1i gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
- Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 bari sulfat, mica v\u00e0 vermiculite. Ch\u00fang ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
V\u1eady n\u00ean khi ai \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecfi \u201cm\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb g\u00ec?\u201d, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c\u201d. Hai m\u00e1 phanh c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cg\u1ed1m\u201d nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1 phanh, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m m\u00e1 phanh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
\n\n\n\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e1 phanh<\/th>\n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh<\/th>\n S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i<\/th>\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n\nG\u1ed1m s\u1ee9<\/td>\n S\u1ee3i g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n phi s\u1eaft, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e9p<\/td>\n Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00eam \u00e1i, \u00edt b\u1ee5i, ma s\u00e1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi r\u00f4to.<\/td>\n Gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n; hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u1eb7ng.<\/td>\n Xe du l\u1ecbch, xe crossover, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nB\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n Kho\u1ea3ng 30\u201365% kim lo\u1ea1i (s\u1ee3i th\u00e9p, b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft)<\/td>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1m ch\u1eafc, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/td>\n Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, r\u00f4to b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n Xe SUV, xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9, xe k\u00e9o, xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nH\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201330% kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phanh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n nhanh v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/td>\n Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n Nhi\u1ec1u xe h\u01a1i ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, l\u00e1i xe h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nNAO (h\u1eefu c\u01a1)<\/td>\n S\u1ee3i, cao su, nh\u1ef1a, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n; r\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/td>\n M\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00eam \u00e1i, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/td>\n D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n h\u01a1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c.<\/td>\n Xe h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, xe thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nM\u00e1 phanh g\u1ed1m<\/h3>\n![\"M\u00e1](\"https:\/\/topbrakeparts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Ceramic-Brake-Pads-1024x768.webp\" "\\"M\u00e1")
M\u00e1 phanh g\u1ed1m<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nM\u00e1 phanh g\u1ed1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee3i g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n phi s\u1eaft v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e9p. So v\u1edbi m\u00e1 phanh b\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00eam h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra \u00edt b\u1ee5i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u00e1nh xe, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u0129a phanh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c ma s\u00e1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho nhi\u1ec1u xe h\u01a1i ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 xe crossover \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 ch\u1edf n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c xe k\u00e9o r\u01a1 mo\u00f3c.<\/p>\n
\nNh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n
Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1 phanh g\u1ed1m cho xe h\u01a1i ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c qua 10 chu k\u1ef3 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t trung b\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb... \u03bc 0,39<\/span>, gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng \u03bc 0,36<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ee9c x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 350\u00b0C<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u03bc 0,38<\/span> sau khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ma s\u00e1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1 phanh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i, ngay c\u1ea3 khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u03bc c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nM\u00e1 phanh b\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n![\"M\u00e1](\"https:\/\/topbrakeparts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Semi-Metallic-Brake-Pads-1024x768.webp\" "\\"M\u00e1")
M\u00e1 phanh b\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nM\u00e1 phanh b\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kim lo\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i th\u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi than ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i trong m\u00e1 phanh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ma s\u00e1t, gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n
\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phanh ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i phanh h\u01a1n, g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00f2n \u0111\u0129a phanh nhanh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u0129a phanh th\u00f4 r\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
<\/div>\nM\u00e1 phanh \u00edt kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n![\"M\u00e1](\"https:\/\/topbrakeparts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Low-Metallic-Brake-Pads-1024x768.webp\" "\\"M\u00e1")
M\u00e1 phanh kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nM\u00e1 phanh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p (\u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1 phanh th\u00e9p h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c NAO h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p) n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201330% kim lo\u1ea1i trong n\u1ec1n h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1 phanh n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe th\u01b0\u1eddng mong mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng phanh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i h\u01a1n m\u00e1 phanh g\u1ed1m, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n
<\/div>\nM\u00e1 phanh NAO<\/h3>\n![\"M\u00e1](\"https:\/\/topbrakeparts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/NAO-Brake-Pads-1024x768.webp\" "\\"M\u00e1")
M\u00e1 phanh Nao<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nM\u00e1 phanh h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? NAO l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a non-asbestos organic (h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ami\u0103ng): g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (nh\u01b0 aramid), cao su, nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kim lo\u1ea1i. M\u00e1 phanh NAO m\u1ec1m, \u00eam \u00e1i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang m\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00e1 phanh g\u1ed1m ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e1i xe nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1 phanh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ed1n nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t sao.<\/p>\n
\nB\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n
M\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ma s\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh \u0111\u0129a, ch\u00fang k\u1eb9p v\u00e0o r\u00f4to \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 d\u1eebng xe. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n b\u00e1n, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t hay mua ch\u00fang theo th\u00f9ng, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm "m\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec" ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed "m\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec" v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao hai m\u00e1 phanh tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1 phanh m\u1edbi tinh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n l\u1ec7ch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd mua h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ghi g\u00ec v\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u00e1 phanh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh b\u00ean trong k\u1eb9p phanh, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u00e1 phanh, khi n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u0129a phanh, v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra. \u1ede m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng phanh, v\u00e0 khi chia s\u1ebb s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n 01<\/span><\/p>\n M\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u00f3 l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3a c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t. Hai m\u00e1 phanh n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i k\u1eb9p phanh, m\u1ed7i m\u00e1 phanh n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a phanh. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i nh\u1ea5n b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p phanh, k\u1eb9p phanh s\u1ebd \u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0o \u0111\u0129a phanh \u0111ang quay. Ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a phanh l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm b\u00e1nh xe.<\/p>\n V\u1eady, m\u00e1 phanh tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Khi m\u1edbi mua v\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1 phanh xe h\u01a1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ph\u1eb3ng, h\u01a1i cong, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 100\u2013160 mm. M\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i m\u00e0u, h\u01a1i nh\u00e1m l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t. M\u1eb7t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u00e8m. B\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t r\u00e3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft ngang gi\u1eefa m\u1eb7t ma s\u00e1t, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea7u (v\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o m\u00f2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n M\u00e1 phanh t\u1ed1t tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Tr\u00ean m\u00e1 phanh m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ma s\u00e1t ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee9t m\u1ebb, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t b\u00e1m ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf \u1edf m\u00e9p, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e3nh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c, t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u1edd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea5u th\u1eb3ng, mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u l\u00f4 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tr\u00ean m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, "t\u1ed1t" c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00f3ng, nhi\u1ec5m d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t do nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n M\u00e1 phanh tr\u00ean \u00f4 t\u00f4 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong k\u1eb9p phanh, k\u1eb9p phanh n\u00e0y k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u0129a phanh \u1edf m\u1ed7i b\u00e1nh xe. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 phanh \u0111\u0129a \u1edf tr\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u xe c\u0169ng c\u00f3 phanh \u0111\u0129a \u1edf tr\u1ee5c sau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xe nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phanh tang tr\u1ed1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda sau. Phanh tang tr\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1 phanh cong thay v\u00ec b\u1ed1 phanh.<\/p>\n M\u1ed7i k\u1eb9p phanh c\u00f3 hai m\u00e1 phanh:<\/p>\n M\u00e1 phanh trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau. M\u00e1 phanh trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea1ch b\u00e1o m\u00f2n, k\u1eb9p piston (th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf k\u1eb9p phanh sau) ho\u1eb7c mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c. M\u00e1 phanh ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n k\u1eb9p phanh. Khi nh\u1eadn m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0o kho, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 m\u00e1 phanh cho t\u1eebng tr\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u00e1 phanh trong\/ngo\u00e0i hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u1edbi hai m\u00e1 phanh trong s\u1ebd l\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n M\u00e1 phanh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t m\u00e1 phanh t\u1ea1o ma s\u00e1t t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng r\u00f4to ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n 02<\/span><\/p>\n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh \u0111\u0129a th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9p phanh l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t, m\u00e1 phanh ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu piston b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1 phanh s\u1ebd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb k\u00e9o l\u00ea.<\/p>\n V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, s\u1ee3i, ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Khi m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0o r\u00f4to gang, hai lo\u1ea1i ma s\u00e1t x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m m\u00f2n \u0111\u0129a phanh nhanh h\u01a1n; c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t (\u03bc) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1 phanh xe h\u01a1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u03bc kho\u1ea3ng 0,35\u20130,45. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u03bc khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n Phanh kh\u00f4ng "ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y" n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a xe th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 1.500 kg ch\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 100 km\/h (kho\u1ea3ng 27,8 m\/s) mang theo kho\u1ea3ng \u00bd \u00d7 1.500 \u00d7 27,8\u00b2, hay kho\u1ea3ng 580 kJ, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc. Khi d\u1eebng h\u1eb3n, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf phanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t r\u00f4to th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 100\u2013300 \u00b0C khi l\u00e1i xe b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean 500 \u00b0C khi k\u00e9o r\u01a1 mo\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c d\u00e0i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o r\u00f4to v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0 k\u1eb9p phanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao m\u00e1 phanh qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n, chai c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n 03<\/span><\/p>\n C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh bao g\u1ed3m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t, t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1, mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e3nh, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o m\u00f2n. M\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edt.<\/p>\n V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 l\u1edbp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201312 mm tr\u00ean m\u00e1 phanh xe h\u01a1i m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1 phanh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u00f3t: m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh, gi\u1ea3m truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1eb9p phanh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/p>\n Tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/p>\n H\u00e3y n\u00eau r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: g\u1ed1m, kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p), \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y ma s\u00e1t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n l\u1edbp l\u00f3t hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ma s\u00e1t d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n T\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p d\u1eadp, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 5\u20136 mm tr\u00ean xe kh\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng keo, \u0111\u00fac li\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (m\u00f3c nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1edbi), th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1 phanh ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n Ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/p>\n C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft d\u1eadp n\u1ed5i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c m\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n. T\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd b\u1ecb rung; t\u1ea5m qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t trong gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb k\u00e9o l\u00ea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n Mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u00e9p m\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 cao su ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0 k\u1eb9p phanh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 m\u00e1 phanh gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o piston k\u1eb9p phanh.<\/p>\n Ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/p>\n H\u00e3y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n (m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c hai m\u1ea3nh, d\u1ea1ng k\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c d\u00e1n) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00f3c n\u00e0o b\u1ecb nh\u00f4 l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafp v\u1eeba kh\u00edt nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau r\u00edt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n V\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1eaft g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t; khe c\u1eafm<\/strong> C\u00e1c r\u00e3nh n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt, gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n m\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n Ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/p>\n G\u00f3c v\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a r\u00e3nh ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd g\u1ed1c. Ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00e2m h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n M\u1ed8T ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o \u00e2m thanh<\/strong> \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea5u th\u00e9p l\u00f2 xo ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o r\u00f4to \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 2-3 mm v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt. c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi r\u00f4to, l\u00e0m b\u1eadt \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n; n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c xe ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n Ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/p>\n Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u00ean trong) v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ed9p hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n 04<\/span><\/p>\n M\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? Hay nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi, m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o? H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n V\u1eady n\u00ean khi ai \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecfi \u201cm\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb g\u00ec?\u201d, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c\u201d. Hai m\u00e1 phanh c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cg\u1ed1m\u201d nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1 phanh, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m m\u00e1 phanh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n M\u00e1 phanh g\u1ed1m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee3i g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n phi s\u1eaft v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e9p. So v\u1edbi m\u00e1 phanh b\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00eam h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra \u00edt b\u1ee5i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean b\u00e1nh xe, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u0129a phanh v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c ma s\u00e1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho nhi\u1ec1u xe h\u01a1i ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 xe crossover \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 ch\u1edf n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c xe k\u00e9o r\u01a1 mo\u00f3c.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1 phanh g\u1ed1m cho xe h\u01a1i ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c qua 10 chu k\u1ef3 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t trung b\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb... \u03bc 0,39<\/span>, gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng \u03bc 0,36<\/span> \u1edf m\u1ee9c x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 350\u00b0C<\/span>, v\u00e0 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u03bc 0,38<\/span> sau khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ma s\u00e1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1 phanh dao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i, ngay c\u1ea3 khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u03bc c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n M\u00e1 phanh b\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kim lo\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i th\u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi than ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia kh\u00e1c. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i trong m\u00e1 phanh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ma s\u00e1t, gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phanh ban \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i phanh h\u01a1n, g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00f2n \u0111\u0129a phanh nhanh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u0129a phanh th\u00f4 r\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n M\u00e1 phanh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p (\u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1 phanh th\u00e9p h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c NAO h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p) n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 b\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201330% kim lo\u1ea1i trong n\u1ec1n h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1 phanh n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe th\u01b0\u1eddng mong mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng phanh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i h\u01a1n m\u00e1 phanh g\u1ed1m, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n M\u00e1 phanh h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? NAO l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a non-asbestos organic (h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ami\u0103ng): g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (nh\u01b0 aramid), cao su, nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kim lo\u1ea1i. M\u00e1 phanh NAO m\u1ec1m, \u00eam \u00e1i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang m\u00f2n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00e1 phanh g\u1ed1m ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e1i xe nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1 phanh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ed1n nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t sao.<\/p>\n B\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00e0nh:<\/p>\nM\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
M\u00e1 phanh n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h3>\n
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M\u00e1 phanh c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
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M\u00e1 phanh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
T\u1eeb b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p phanh \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1eb9p phanh<\/h3>\n
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C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa m\u00e1 phanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a phanh<\/h3>\n
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N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1 phanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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\n \nPh\u1ea7n<\/th>\n Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/th>\n Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t<\/td>\n T\u1ea1o ma s\u00e1t v\u1edbi r\u00f4to; \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c phanh, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n.<\/td>\n Lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, m\u00e3 c\u1ea1nh (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n T\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1<\/td>\n Mang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c k\u1eb9p phanh.<\/td>\n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y th\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean d\u1ea1ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Shim<\/td>\n Gi\u1ea3m rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n; c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t.<\/td>\n Lo\u1ea1i mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m (th\u00e9p ph\u1ee7 cao su, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp), \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edt, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n C\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e3nh<\/td>\n Thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng gi\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/td>\n G\u00f3c, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd OE.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o hao m\u00f2n<\/td>\n C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o khi mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m s\u1eafp h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\n Lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (\u00e2m thanh ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed), v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, m\u1eb7t trong\/m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma s\u00e1t<\/h3>\n
T\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee1<\/h3>\n
Shim<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e3nh<\/h3>\n
Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o hao m\u00f2n<\/h3>\n
M\u00e1 phanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
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\n \nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e1 phanh<\/th>\n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>\n \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh<\/th>\n S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i<\/th>\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n G\u1ed1m s\u1ee9<\/td>\n S\u1ee3i g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n phi s\u1eaft, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e9p<\/td>\n Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00eam \u00e1i, \u00edt b\u1ee5i, ma s\u00e1t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi r\u00f4to.<\/td>\n Gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n; hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u1eb7ng.<\/td>\n Xe du l\u1ecbch, xe crossover, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n B\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n Kho\u1ea3ng 30\u201365% kim lo\u1ea1i (s\u1ee3i th\u00e9p, b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft)<\/td>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1m ch\u1eafc, truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng.<\/td>\n Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, r\u00f4to b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n Xe SUV, xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9, xe k\u00e9o, xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p<\/td>\n C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 10\u201330% kim lo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng phanh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n nhanh v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/td>\n Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n h\u01a1n.<\/td>\n Nhi\u1ec1u xe h\u01a1i ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, l\u00e1i xe h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n NAO (h\u1eefu c\u01a1)<\/td>\n S\u1ee3i, cao su, nh\u1ef1a, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n; r\u1ea5t \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/td>\n M\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00eam \u00e1i, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng<\/td>\n D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n h\u01a1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i h\u01a1n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c.<\/td>\n Xe h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, xe thay th\u1ebf gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n M\u00e1 phanh g\u1ed1m<\/h3>\n
M\u00e1 phanh b\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n
M\u00e1 phanh \u00edt kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n
M\u00e1 phanh NAO<\/h3>\n
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